How many items can the average working memory hold according to the "magic number" rule?

The correct answer reflects the concept known as the "magic number," which was proposed by psychologist George A. Miller in 1956. According to Miller's research, the average limit of items that can be effectively held in working memory is about seven, plus or minus two. This means that most individuals can remember approximately five to nine items at a time.

This concept is significant because it highlights the constraints of cognitive processing in working memory, emphasizing that while people can manage a range of information, there is a threshold beyond which performance declines. Miller's findings have led to greater understanding in fields such as cognitive psychology and education, influencing how information is presented and taught to enhance retention.

The other choices do not align with this established understanding of working memory capacity, which has been consistently reflected in subsequent research and theories in psychology.