What aspect of memory involves filing new information with existing knowledge?

The aspect of memory that involves filing new information with existing knowledge is primarily related to the process of encoding. Encoding refers to how information is transformed into a format that can be stored in memory. It is during this process that new information is integrated with what is already stored, thereby creating associations that help with understanding and recall.

When new information is encoded alongside existing knowledge, it creates a richer memory trace, making it easier to retrieve that information later. This process often relies on various strategies such as mnemonic devices, visual imagery, and organizational techniques that link new data to pre-existing concepts.

While retrieval refers to the ability to access and bring to consciousness information that has been stored, it does not involve the initial filing of new information with existing knowledge; rather, it is the process that occurs after the information has been encoded and stored. Thus, encoding is the correct choice regarding the integration of new information with existing knowledge.