What is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

A secondary reinforcer is a stimulus that gains its reinforcing properties through its association with primary reinforcers. Primary reinforcers are naturally reinforcing, such as food, water, or warmth, as they satisfy basic biological needs. In contrast, secondary reinforcers derive their value from their links to primary reinforcers.

Money is a prime example of a secondary reinforcer. It does not have intrinsic value but is accepted as a medium to obtain primary reinforcers, like food, shelter, and other necessities. Through social and economic interactions, individuals learn to associate money with the ability to fulfill their basic needs, thereby giving it reinforcing qualities.

In contrast, the other examples provided are primary reinforcers or do not qualify as secondary reinforcers. A warm blanket provides comfort directly and satisfies a basic need for warmth. A food reward directly satisfies hunger, making it a primary reinforcer. A pleasurable touch also provides direct sensory gratification and comfort, rather than being linked to the acquisition of other reinforcing stimuli.