What is the primary focus of operant conditioning?

The primary focus of operant conditioning is learning through reinforcement and punishment. This learning theory, developed by B.F. Skinner, emphasizes how behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow them. When a behavior is followed by a reinforcing stimulus, it is more likely to be repeated in the future. Conversely, if a behavior is followed by a punishment or negative consequence, it is less likely to occur again. This process helps individuals and animals learn the relationship between their actions and the outcomes that follow, shaping their behavior over time. Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior, while punishment decreases it, making this process central to understanding how operant conditioning works.