Which of the following processes describes the result of prior experiences affecting current memory retention?

The phenomenon described, where prior experiences affect current memory retention, is accurately represented by interference. Interference occurs when the retrieval of certain memories is hampered by the presence of other memories, which can be due to either proactive interference (where older memories inhibit the ability to remember newer ones) or retroactive interference (where new information interferes with the recall of previously learned material). This understanding aligns with the way memory operates, highlighting the dynamic nature of memory retrieval and the impact of experiences.

In contrast, encoding refers to the initial process of transforming information into a format that can be stored in memory, while storage involves maintaining information over time. Repression is a psychological defense mechanism that pushes distressing memories out of conscious awareness, rather than affecting memory retention through the influence of prior experiences. Thus, interference is the most relevant process in describing how earlier experiences can complicate or hinder the retention and recall of current memories.